認識英文中數量龐大的「一般動詞」(Action Verbs or Main Verbs),例如 eat (吃), play (玩), study (學習), like (喜歡) 等等。今天我們就來學習如何用「現在簡單式」來表達這些動作!
一、什麼時候用現在簡單式? (When to Use Present Simple?)
現在簡單式主要用在以下兩種情況:
-
描述「習慣」或「經常性的動作」: 表示每天、每週、經常或總是會做的事情。
例:Idrinkcoffee every morning. (我每天早上喝咖啡。)
例:Heplaysbasketball on weekends. (他週末打籃球。) -
描述「事實」或「普遍真理」: 表示不會輕易改變的事實或道理。
例:The Earthgoesaround the sun. (地球繞著太陽轉。)
例:Waterboilsat 100 degrees Celsius. (水在攝氏 100 度時沸騰。)
二、肯定句與第三人稱單數變化 (Affirmative Sentences & 3rd Person Singular Rule)
現在簡單式的肯定句結構是:**主詞 + 動詞...**
大部分情況下,動詞使用「原形」(Base Form),但有一個非常重要的例外!
核心規則:第三人稱單數動詞變化
當主詞是「第三人稱單數」(he, she, it, 或只有「一個」的人事物,例如 Tom, my sister, the cat) 時,動詞需要做變化!
-
大部分動詞: 字尾加
-s
work → works, play → plays, eat → eats, like → likes -
字尾是 s, x, ch, sh, o: 加
-es(發 /ɪz/ 音)
miss → misses, fix → fixes, watch → watches, wash → washes, go → goes, do → does -
字尾是「子音 + y」: 去掉 y,加
-ies
study → studies, cry → cries, try → tries -
字尾是「母音 + y」: 直接加
-s(和第一點一樣)
play → plays, say → says, enjoy → enjoys -
不規則變化:
have →has
肯定句例句:
- 主詞非第三人稱單數 (I, you, we, they, 複數名詞) → 動詞用原形
Ilikemusic.
YouspeakEnglish well.
Wegoto school every day.
My parentsworkhard. - 主詞是第三人稱單數 (he, she, it, 單數名詞) → 動詞要變化
Helikesmusic.
ShespeaksEnglish well.
Itgoesfast.
My dadworkshard.
Shehasa dog.
練習 1:填入正確的動詞形式 (現在簡單式)
- I _______ (play) the guitar every evening.
- She _______ (watch) cartoons after school.
- We _______ (study) hard for the test.
- He _______ (have) breakfast at 7 AM.
- My cat _______ (sleep) a lot.
解答:1. play 2. watches 3. study 4. has 5. sleeps
三、否定句 (Negative Sentences)
現在簡單式的否定句,需要借助「助動詞」do 或 does 來幫忙。
句型: 主詞 + do/does + not + **動詞原形** + ...
縮寫:
do not→don'tdoes not→doesn't
重點!Do 還是 Does?
- 主詞是第三人稱單數 (he, she, it, 單數名詞) → 用
does not(doesn't) - 主詞是其他 (I, you, we, they, 複數名詞) → 用
do not(don't)
超級重點!動詞變回原形!
一旦用了助動詞 don't 或 doesn't,後面的主要動詞就**必須**打回「原形」!不要再加 -s 或 -es 了!
例句:
- 肯定:He
likescoffee. → 否定:Hedoesn't likecoffee. - 肯定:They
playsoccer. → 否定:Theydon't playsoccer. - I
don't knowthe answer. (我不知道答案。) - She
doesn't livehere. (她不住在這裡。)
練習 2:將下列句子改成否定句
- I like spicy food. →
- He plays the piano well. →
- We watch TV every night. →
解答:1. I don't like spicy food. 2. He doesn't play the piano well. 3. We don't watch TV every night.
四、疑問句與簡答 (Questions and Short Answers)
現在簡單式的 Yes/No 疑問句,也要用助動詞 Do 或 Does 開頭。
句型: Do/Does + 主詞 + **動詞原形** + ...?
重點!Do 還是 Does?
- 主詞是第三人稱單數 → 用
Does - 主詞是其他 → 用
Do
超級重點!動詞還是用原形!
跟否定句一樣,疑問句用了助動詞 Do 或 Does,後面的主要動詞也要打回「原形」!
例句:
Doyou like ice cream? (你喜歡冰淇淋嗎?)Doesshe speak French? (她會說法文嗎?)Dothey live in this city? (他們住在這個城市嗎?)
簡答 (Short Answers)
句型:
- Yes, 主詞(代名詞) + do/does.
- No, 主詞(代名詞) + don't/doesn't.
例句:
- A: Do you like dogs?
- B: Yes,
I do. / No,I don't. - A: Does he play soccer?
- B: Yes,
he does. / No,he doesn't.
練習 3:將下列句子改成疑問句,並寫出肯定簡答
- You know the answer. →
- She works hard. →
解答:1. Do you know the answer? Yes, I do. (回答用 I) 或 Yes, you do. (視情境) 2. Does she work hard? Yes, she does.
現在簡單式總整理:
- 用來描述習慣和事實。
- **最大重點:** 主詞是第三人稱單數時,肯定句動詞要變化!
- 否定句和疑問句要用助動詞
do或does,後面的動詞**變回原形**! - 多加練習,把第三人稱單數的變化變成反射動作吧!