一般動詞現在簡單式:用法與變化(Simple Present Tense: Usage and Conjugation)

文法小教室 : 一般動詞現在簡單式:用法與變化

認識英文中數量龐大的「一般動詞」(Action Verbs or Main Verbs),例如 eat (吃), play (玩), study (學習), like (喜歡) 等等。今天我們就來學習如何用「現在簡單式」來表達這些動作!

一、什麼時候用現在簡單式? (When to Use Present Simple?)

現在簡單式主要用在以下兩種情況:

  • 描述「習慣」或「經常性的動作」: 表示每天、每週、經常或總是會做的事情。
    例:I drink coffee every morning. (我每天早上喝咖啡。)
    例:He plays basketball on weekends. (他週末打籃球。)
  • 描述「事實」或「普遍真理」: 表示不會輕易改變的事實或道理。
    例:The Earth goes around the sun. (地球繞著太陽轉。)
    例:Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius. (水在攝氏 100 度時沸騰。)

二、肯定句與第三人稱單數變化 (Affirmative Sentences & 3rd Person Singular Rule)

現在簡單式的肯定句結構是:**主詞 + 動詞...**

大部分情況下,動詞使用「原形」(Base Form),但有一個非常重要的例外!

核心規則:第三人稱單數動詞變化

當主詞是「第三人稱單數」(he, she, it, 或只有「一個」的人事物,例如 Tom, my sister, the cat) 時,動詞需要做變化!

  • 大部分動詞: 字尾加 -s
    work → works, play → plays, eat → eats, like → likes
  • 字尾是 s, x, ch, sh, o:-es (發 /ɪz/ 音)
    miss → misses, fix → fixes, watch → watches, wash → washes, go → goes, do → does
  • 字尾是「子音 + y」: 去掉 y,加 -ies
    study → studies, cry → cries, try → tries
  • 字尾是「母音 + y」: 直接加 -s (和第一點一樣)
    play → plays, say → says, enjoy → enjoys
  • 不規則變化:
    have → has

肯定句例句:

  • 主詞非第三人稱單數 (I, you, we, they, 複數名詞) → 動詞用原形
    I like music.
    You speak English well.
    We go to school every day.
    My parents work hard.
  • 主詞是第三人稱單數 (he, she, it, 單數名詞) → 動詞要變化
    He likes music.
    She speaks English well.
    It goes fast.
    My dad works hard.
    She has a dog.

練習 1:填入正確的動詞形式 (現在簡單式)

  1. I _______ (play) the guitar every evening.
  2. She _______ (watch) cartoons after school.
  3. We _______ (study) hard for the test.
  4. He _______ (have) breakfast at 7 AM.
  5. My cat _______ (sleep) a lot.

解答:1. play 2. watches 3. study 4. has 5. sleeps

三、否定句 (Negative Sentences)

現在簡單式的否定句,需要借助「助動詞」dodoes 來幫忙。

句型: 主詞 + do/does + not + **動詞原形** + ...

縮寫:

  • do notdon't
  • does notdoesn't

重點!Do 還是 Does?

  • 主詞是第三人稱單數 (he, she, it, 單數名詞) → 用 does not (doesn't)
  • 主詞是其他 (I, you, we, they, 複數名詞) → 用 do not (don't)

超級重點!動詞變回原形!

一旦用了助動詞 don'tdoesn't,後面的主要動詞就**必須**打回「原形」!不要再加 -s 或 -es 了!

例句:

  • 肯定:He likes coffee. → 否定:He doesn't like coffee.
  • 肯定:They play soccer. → 否定:They don't play soccer.
  • I don't know the answer. (我不知道答案。)
  • She doesn't live here. (她不住在這裡。)

練習 2:將下列句子改成否定句

  1. I like spicy food. →
  2. He plays the piano well. →
  3. We watch TV every night. →

解答:1. I don't like spicy food. 2. He doesn't play the piano well. 3. We don't watch TV every night.

四、疑問句與簡答 (Questions and Short Answers)

現在簡單式的 Yes/No 疑問句,也要用助動詞 DoDoes 開頭。

句型: Do/Does + 主詞 + **動詞原形** + ...?

重點!Do 還是 Does?

  • 主詞是第三人稱單數 → 用 Does
  • 主詞是其他 → 用 Do

超級重點!動詞還是用原形!

跟否定句一樣,疑問句用了助動詞 DoDoes,後面的主要動詞也要打回「原形」!

例句:

  • Do you like ice cream? (你喜歡冰淇淋嗎?)
  • Does she speak French? (她會說法文嗎?)
  • Do they live in this city? (他們住在這個城市嗎?)

簡答 (Short Answers)

句型:

  • Yes, 主詞(代名詞) + do/does.
  • No, 主詞(代名詞) + don't/doesn't.

例句:

  • A: Do you like dogs?
  • B: Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
  • A: Does he play soccer?
  • B: Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.

練習 3:將下列句子改成疑問句,並寫出肯定簡答

  1. You know the answer. →
  2. She works hard. →

解答:1. Do you know the answer? Yes, I do. (回答用 I) 或 Yes, you do. (視情境) 2. Does she work hard? Yes, she does.

現在簡單式總整理:

  • 用來描述習慣和事實。
  • **最大重點:** 主詞是第三人稱單數時,肯定句動詞要變化!
  • 否定句和疑問句要用助動詞 dodoes,後面的動詞**變回原形**!
  • 多加練習,把第三人稱單數的變化變成反射動作吧!

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