主題單字：冠詞與限定詞 (Articles & Determiners)

冠詞 (Articles)

冠詞用來表示名詞是泛指還是特指。

a / an det. [ə] / [æn] 一個 (不定冠詞)

Used before singular countable nouns when referring to a general or non-specific person or thing. (用在單數可數名詞前，指稱一般的或非特定的人事物。)

I saw a cat. (我看見一隻貓 - 任何一隻貓)

She is eating an apple. (她正在吃一顆蘋果 - 任何一顆蘋果)

用法：a + 子音發音 / an + 母音發音。

the det. [ðə] / [ði] 這/那/這些/那些 (定冠詞)

Used before singular or plural nouns when the noun is specific or known to both speaker and listener. (用在單數或複數名詞前，當該名詞是特定的或說話者與聽者都知道的。)

I saw a cat. The cat was black. (那隻貓是黑色的 - 特指剛才看到的那隻)

Please close the door. (請關上那扇門 - 特指在場的那扇門)

The sun is shining. (太陽正照耀著 - 獨一無二的事物)

指示限定詞 (Demonstrative Determiners)

用來指示名詞的遠近和單複數。它們後面必須接名詞。

this det. [ðɪs] 這個 (單數近)

Used to identify a specific person or thing close at hand. (用來指明近處的特定人或事物。)

This book belongs to me. (這本書是我的。)

that det. [ðæt] 那個 (單數遠)

Used to identify a specific person or thing observed by the speaker. (用來說話者觀察到的特定人或事物。)

Look at that bird in the tree. (看樹上那隻鳥。)

these det. [ðiz] 這些 (複數近)

Plural of 'this'. (this 的複數。)

These apples are sweet. (這些蘋果很甜。)

those det. [ðoz] 那些 (複數遠)

Plural of 'that'. (that 的複數。)

Who are those people over there? (在那邊的那些人是誰？)

所有格限定詞 (Possessive Determiners)

用來表示名詞的歸屬，也就是「誰的」。後面必須接名詞。(也常被稱為所有格形容詞)

• my (我的) → my car
• your (你的/你們的) → your bag
• his (他的) → his phone
• her (她的) → her shoes
• its (它的) → its tail
• our (我們的) → our house
• their (他們的/她們的/它們的) → their books

例句 (Examples)

Where is my ticket? (我的票在哪？)

Is this her umbrella? (這是她的雨傘嗎？)

數量/不定限定詞 (Quantifiers/Indefinite Determiners)

用來表示名詞的「數量」或指「不特定」的人事物。

• some (一些 - 通常肯定句): Give me some water. / I have some friends here.
• any (任何/一些 - 通常否定/疑問): Do you have any questions? / I don't have any money.
• no (沒有 - 表否定意): I have no idea. / There are no chairs left.
• every (每一個 - 接單數可數名詞): Every student passed the test.
• each (每一個 - 強調個體，接單數可數名詞): Each person has a role.
• either (兩者中的任一個): You can take either road.
• neither (兩者都不): Neither answer is correct.
• many (很多 - 接複數可數): Many people think so.
• much (很多 - 接不可數): I don't have much time.
• few / a few (很少/一些 - 接複數可數): He has few friends (很少=否定). / I have a few friends (一些=肯定).
• little / a little (很少/一些 - 接不可數): There is little hope (很少=否定). / Give me a little time (一些=肯定).
• several (幾個；數個 - 接複數可數): I called him several times.
• all (全部；所有): All students must attend. / All the food is gone.
• both (兩者都): Both answers are correct.
• enough (足夠的): Do you have enough money?

數詞 (Numbers as Determiners)

數字也可以當限定詞，放在名詞前表示數量或順序。

• 基數 (Cardinal Numbers): one, two, three...
  例：I have three cats.
• 序數 (Ordinal Numbers): first, second, third...
  例：This is my first time here.

疑問限定詞 (Interrogative Determiners)

疑問詞放在名詞前，用來提問。

• what: What color do you like?
• which: Which book is yours?
• whose: Whose bag is this?

限定詞小叮嚀：

• 限定詞通常放在名詞或名詞片語的最前面。
• 一個名詞片語通常只需要一個「核心」限定詞（例如冠詞、指示詞、所有格不能同時用：不能說 the my book）。
• 注意量詞要搭配可數或不可數名詞使用。
• 掌握限定詞，就能更清楚地指明你談論的是哪個或多少人事物！