代名詞進階班：所有格、反身與不定指代

學習另外幾種實用的代名詞，它們可以幫助我們更精確地表達所有權、強調自己，或者指代群體中的不同成員！

一、我的、你的、他的：所有格代名詞 (Possessive Pronouns)

還記得「所有格形容詞」(my, your, his...) 嗎？它們後面一定要加名詞。而「所有格代名詞」更厲害，它可以直接代表「所有格形容詞 + 名詞」，也就是「誰的東西」，讓句子更簡潔！

所有格形容詞 vs. 所有格代名詞：

主格	所有格形容詞 (+ 名詞)	所有格代名詞 (單獨使用)
I	my	mine
you	your	yours
he	his	his
she	her	hers
it	its	( its 很少單獨當所有格代名詞)
we	our	ours
they	their	theirs

用法：取代「所有格形容詞 + 名詞」

• This is my book. → This book is mine.
• Is that your car? → Is that car yours?
• These are his shoes. → These shoes are his.
• I like her idea. → I like hers.
• Our house is small, but their house is big. → Our house is small, but theirs is big.

重點： 所有格代名詞後面**不**需要再加名詞！

練習 1：選擇正確的詞語

1. This is not my bag. It's _______. (A. her / B. hers)
2. Is this _______ pen or _______? (A. your, my / B. yours, mine)
3. Their team won. _______ lost. (A. Our / B. Ours)

解答：1. B 2. A (your), B (mine) (第一個空格填 your, 第二個填 mine) 3. B

二、反彈！我自己來：反身代名詞 (Reflexive Pronouns)

反身代名詞指的是「...自己」，表示動作的承受者就是動作的發出者（主詞）。

認識反身代名詞：

主詞	反身代名詞
I	myself
you (單數)	yourself
he	himself
she	herself
it	itself
we	ourselves
you (複數)	yourselves
they	themselves

主要用法：

• 當受詞，表示動作回到主詞本身：
  He hurt himself. (他弄傷了他自己。)
  She taught herself English. (她自學英文。)
  We enjoyed ourselves at the party. (我們在派對上玩得很開心。)
  Please help yourself to some cookies. (請自己拿些餅乾吃。)
• 強調主詞「親自；本人」： (也稱為強調代名詞) 可以放在主詞後或句尾。
  I myself fixed the computer. (我親自修好了電腦。)
  The queen herself visited the school. (女王本人參觀了這所學校。)
  Did you do it yourself? (這是你自己做的嗎？)

片語 `by oneself` = alone (獨自)

• He lives by himself. (= He lives alone.)

練習 2：填入正確的反身代名詞

1. The cat is washing _______.
2. We should be proud of _______.
3. Did you paint the wall _______?

解答：1. itself 2. ourselves 3. yourself/yourselves

三、一個、另一個、其他的：one, another, the other(s)

這些詞用來指代群體中的某些成員，避免重複說出名詞。

• one: 指「一個」，泛指，代替前面提過的單數可數名詞。
  I lost my pen. I need to buy one. (我弄丟了我的筆。我需要買一支。)
• another: 指「另一個」，指**同類事物中不特定的**另一個（= an other）。
  This apple is bad. Give me another. (這顆蘋果壞了。給我另一顆。)
• the other:
  • 指「兩者」中的「另一個」，是**特定**的。
    I have two sisters. One is a doctor, and the other is a teacher. (我有兩個姊姊。一個是醫生，另一個是老師。)
  • 指「一群」中「剩下最後一個」，也是**特定**的。
    There were three cakes. He ate two, and I ate the other. (這裡有三個蛋糕。他吃了兩個，我吃了剩下那一個。)
• others: 指「其他的人或事物」，泛指，是**複數**，後面不加名詞。
  Some people like summer, but others prefer winter. (有些人喜歡夏天，但其他人偏好冬天。)
• the others: 指「一群」中「剩下所有其他的人或事物」，是**特定**的，是**複數**。
  Ten students took the test. Two passed, and the others failed. (十個學生參加考試。兩個通過了，其他人都沒通過。)
• other vs. others: other 可以當形容詞用，後面要加名詞 (other people, other books)。others 是代名詞，後面不加名詞。

練習 3: 選擇 one, another, the other, others, 或 the others

1. He has two cars. One is black, and _______ is white.
2. This hat doesn't fit me. Show me _______.
3. Some students are playing basketball, and _______ are reading books.
4. Five boys are here. Where are _______? (指剩下所有的人)

解答: 1. the other, 2. another, 3. others, 4. the others

代名詞進階小總結：

• **所有格代名詞 (mine...)** = 所有格形容詞 (my...) + 名詞。
• **反身代名詞 (...self/selves)** 表示動作回到自身，或強調主詞本人。
• **one/another/the other(s)** 用來指代群體中的成員，注意單複數和是否特定。
• 多練習這些代名詞的替換，可以讓你的英文更流暢！