認識不定代名詞 (Indefinite Pronouns)

當我們想表達「某個人」、「任何事」、「每個人」或是「一些」、「全部」、「沒有」的時候，但又沒有明確指出是誰或哪個東西，這時候就要用「不定代名詞」(Indefinite Pronouns)！它們是用來指代**不特定**的人、地方、事物或數量的代名詞。

一、指「人」的不定代名詞 (Referring to People)

• somebody / someone (某人)：通常用在肯定句。
  例：Someone is knocking at the door. (有人在敲門。)
  例：I need somebody to help me. (我需要某個人來幫我。)
• anybody / anyone (任何人)：通常用在疑問句或否定句；用在肯定句時表示「任何一個人都...」。
  例：Is anyone home? (有人在家嗎？)
  例：I didn't see anybody there. (我在那裡沒看到任何人。)
  例：Anyone can learn English. (任何人都能學英文。)
• everybody / everyone (每個人)：指群體中的所有成員。
  例：Everybody likes ice cream. (每個人都喜歡冰淇淋。)
  例：Hello, everyone! (大家好！)
• nobody / no one (沒有人)：本身帶有否定意思，句子不需再加 not。
  例：Nobody knows the answer. (沒有人知道答案。) (= Anybody doesn't know...)
  例：No one was late. (沒有人遲到。)

注意：以上這些指「人」的不定代名詞，通常都當作「單數」看待，動詞要用單數形式！

例：Everyone is ready. (不是 Everyone are ready.)

二、指「物」的不定代名詞 (Referring to Things)

• something (某物；某事)：通常用在肯定句。
  例：I want to eat something sweet. (我想吃點甜的東西。)
  例：Something is wrong. (好像有什麼地方不對勁。)
• anything (任何事物)：通常用在疑問句或否定句；用在肯定句時表示「任何事物都...」。
  例：Do you need anything else? (你還需要其他東西嗎？)
  例：I didn't buy anything. (我什麼也沒買。)
  例：You can eat anything you like. (你可以吃任何你喜歡的東西。)
• everything (每件事物)：指所有事物。
  例：I told him everything. (我把所有事情都告訴他了。)
  例：Is everything okay? (一切都還好嗎？)
• nothing (沒有事物)：本身帶有否定意思，句子不需再加 not。
  例：There is nothing in the box. (盒子裡什麼都沒有。) (= There isn't anything...)
  例：I know nothing about it. (關於那件事我什麼都不知道。)

注意：以上這些指「物」的不定代名詞，也都當作「單數」看待，動詞用單數形式！

例：Everything looks fine. (不是 Everything look fine.)

練習 1：選擇正確的不定代名詞

1. Is there _______ in the room? I heard a noise. (A. someone / B. anyone)
2. _______ is possible if you try hard. (A. Something / B. Anything / C. Everything)
3. I'm hungry, but there is _______ to eat. (A. anything / B. nothing)
4. _______ likes the new teacher. She is very kind. (A. Anybody / B. Everybody)

解答：1. B 2. C (或 B 也可以，但 C 語意更常見) 3. B 4. B

三、指「數量」的不定代名詞 (Referring to Quantity/Amount)

有些我們學過的量詞，也可以單獨使用當作不定代名詞，代替前面提過的名詞。

• some (一些)：代替可數複數或不可數名詞。
  例：I need apples. Do you have some? (指 some apples)
  例：Would you like coffee? Yes, just some, please. (指 some coffee)
• any (任何；一些)：代替可數複數或不可數名詞，常用於否定句和疑問句。
  例：I don't have pens. Do you have any?
  例：Is there milk? No, there isn't any left.
• none (沒有一個；一點也沒有)：代替可數或不可數名詞，本身帶否定意。
  例：How many books did you read? None. (指 None of the books)
  例：How much money do you have? None. (指 None of the money)
• all (全部)：代替可數複數或不可數名詞。
  例：Where are the students? All are here. (指 All of the students)
  例：Where is the water? All is gone. (指 All of the water)
• each (每一個)：代替單數可數名詞，強調個體，動詞用單數。
  例：The students have books. Each has a different one. (指 Each student)
• both (兩者都)：代替兩個特定的人或物，動詞用複數。
  例：I have two brothers. Both are tall. (指 Both brothers)
• many / much / (a) few / (a) little：也可以單獨當代名詞。
  例：Many came to the party.
  例：Much was discussed, but little was decided.

四、重點注意：單複數 (Important Note: Singular or Plural?)

使用不定代名詞當主詞時，動詞要用單數還是複數，是個大重點！

動詞用「單數」的：

• someone, anybody, everyone, no one, somebody, anybody, everybody, nobody
• something, anything, everything, nothing
• each (每一個)

例：Everyone is excited. / Nothing is impossible. / Each of the boys has a gift.

動詞用「複數」的：

• both
• many
• few
• several (一些，幾個)

例：Both of my sisters are nurses. / Many were invited.

動詞單複數取決於指代對象的：

• some
• any
• none
• all
• most

→ 如果指代的是「不可數名詞」，動詞用單數。
→ 如果指代的是「複數可數名詞」，動詞用複數。

例：Some of the water is clean. / Some of the students are late.

例：All of the money was stolen. / All of the apples were eaten.

(注意：`None` 雖然指「沒有」，但後面若接複數名詞，動詞用單複數皆可接受，但單數較常見。 None of the students is/are here.)

練習 2：選擇正確的動詞形式

1. Everybody _______ (like/likes) holidays.
2. Something _______ (seem/seems) wrong here.
3. Both of the answers _______ (is/are) correct.
4. All of the pizza _______ (was/were) delicious.
5. Some of my friends _______ (live/lives) nearby.

解答：1. likes 2. seems 3. are 4. was 5. live

不定代名詞小總結：

• 不定代名詞用來指不特定的人事物或數量。
• 以 `-body`, `-one`, `-thing` 結尾的不定代名詞通常視為「單數」。
• each 視為單數；both, many, few 視為複數。
• some, any, none, all 的單複數要看它指代的名詞。
• 掌握單複數規則，才能讓主詞和動詞正確搭配！