主題單字：抽象概念 Part 1 (Abstract Concepts 1)
哈囉！除了看得到、摸得到的具體事物，生活中還有很多重要的「抽象概念」，像是想法、感受、品質、狀態等等。學會這些抽象名詞，能讓你的表達更有深度！這是第一部分。
ability n. [əˋbɪlətɪ] 能力
The power or skill to do something. (做某事的力量或技能。)
She has the ability to solve complex problems. (她有能力解決複雜的問題。)
action n. [ˋækʃən] 行動；作用
The process of doing something. (做某事的過程。)
Actions speak louder than words. (坐而言不如起而行。)
We need to take immediate action. (我們需要立即採取行動。)
addition n. [əˋdɪʃən] 加法；增加的人或物
The process of calculating the total of two or more numbers. / A person or thing added. (計算兩個或多個數字總和的過程。/ 被添加的人或物。)
The child is learning addition and subtraction. (這個孩子正在學習加法和減法。)
This painting is a new addition to our collection. (這幅畫是我們收藏品中新增的。)
advantage n. [ədˋvæntɪdʒ] 優點；優勢
A condition or circumstance that puts one in a favorable or superior position. (使人處於有利或優越地位的條件或情況。)
Being tall is an advantage in basketball. (身材高大在籃球運動中是個優勢。)
advice n. [ədˋvaɪs] 建議；忠告 (不可數)
Guidance or recommendations offered with regard to prudent action. (關於審慎行動的指導或建議。)
Can you give me some advice? (你可以給我一些建議嗎？)
注意：advice 是不可數名詞，要表示「一則建議」可用 a piece of advice。
affair n. [əˋfɛr] 事情；事務；(不正當的)風流韻事
An event or sequence of events of a specified kind. / A matter or situation. / A secret sexual relationship. (特定種類的事件或一連串事件。/ 事情或狀況。/ 秘密的性關係。)
That's my affair, not yours. (那是我自己的事，不關你的事。)
He is involved in foreign affairs. (他參與外交事務。)
age n. [edʒ] 年齡；時代
The length of time that a person has lived or a thing has existed. / A distinct period of history. (一個人活著或一件事物存在的時間長度。/ 特定的歷史時期。)
What is your age? (你幾歲？)
We are living in the digital age. (我們生活在數位時代。)
aid n. [ed] 幫助；援助 v. 幫助
Help, typically of a practical nature. / To help or support. (幫助，尤指實質性的。/ 幫助或支持。)
They sent financial aid to the disaster area. (他們向災區提供了財政援助。)
Can you aid me with this task? (你可以幫我完成這項任務嗎？)
aim n./v. [em] 目標；目的；瞄準
A purpose or intention. / To point or direct (a weapon or camera) at a target. (目的或意圖。/ 將（武器或相機）指向目標。)
What is the main aim of this project? (這個專案的主要目標是什麼？)
He aimed the gun at the target. (他將槍瞄準目標。)
anger n. [ˋæŋɡɚ] 憤怒 v. 使生氣
A strong feeling of annoyance, displeasure, or hostility. / To make someone angry. (強烈的惱怒、不快或敵意感。/ 使某人生氣。)
He couldn't control his anger. (他無法控制自己的憤怒。)
answer n. [ˋænsɚ] 答案；回答 v. 回答
Something said, written, or done to deal with a question. / To say or write something as a reaction. (用來說、寫或做以應對問題的事物。/ 作為回應而說或寫。)
I don't know the answer. (我不知道答案。)
appearance n. [əˋpɪrəns] 外貌；出現
The way that someone or something looks. / An act of becoming visible. (某人或某物的樣子。/ 變得可見的行為。)
Judging people by their appearance can be misleading. (以貌取人可能會產生誤導。)
His sudden appearance surprised us. (他的突然出現讓我們很驚訝。)
argument n. [ˋɑrɡjəmənt] 爭論；論點
An exchange of diverging or opposite views, typically a heated or angry one. / A reason given in support of an idea. (交換分歧或相反觀點，通常是激烈或憤怒的。/ 為支持某想法而給出的理由。)
They had a big argument last night. (他們昨晚大吵了一架。)
His main argument is that the cost is too high. (他的主要論點是成本太高。)
art n. [ɑrt] 藝術；美術
The expression or application of human creative skill and imagination. (人類創造性技能和想像力的表達或應用。)
She is studying art history. (她正在研讀藝術史。)
attention n. [əˋtɛnʃən] 注意；專心
Notice taken of someone or something; the regarding of someone or something as interesting. (對某人或某事的注意；將某人或某物視為有趣。)
May I have your attention, please? (請大家注意一下好嗎？)
basis n. [ˋbesɪs] 基礎；根據 (複數: bases [ˋbesiz])
The underlying support or foundation for an idea, argument, or process. (想法、論點或過程的潛在支持或基礎。)
What is the basis for your opinion? (你意見的根據是什麼？)
beauty n. [ˋbjutɪ] 美麗；美人 (不可數/可數)
A combination of qualities that pleases the aesthetic senses. / A beautiful woman. (取悅美感的品質組合。/ 美麗的女人。)
The beauty of the sunset was breathtaking. (日落之美令人屏息。) (不可數)
She was known as a great beauty in her youth. (她年輕時是個聞名的大美人。) (可數)
belief n. [bɪˋlif] 相信；信念
An acceptance that something exists or is true, especially one without proof. (接受某事物存在或真實，尤指沒有證據的情況下。)
His belief in ghosts is strong. (他對鬼魂的信念很強烈。)
birthday n. [ˋbɝθ͵de] 生日
The anniversary of the day on which a person was born. (一個人出生的那天的周年紀念日。)
Happy Birthday! (生日快樂！)
bit n. [bɪt] 一點；少量
A small piece, part, or quantity of something. (某物的小塊、部分或少量。)
Can I have a little bit of sugar? (可以給我一點點糖嗎？)
blame n. [blem] 責備；過失 v. 責備
Responsibility for a fault or wrong. / To assign responsibility for a fault. (過錯或錯誤的責任。/ 將責任歸咎於。)
Don't put the blame on me. (別把錯怪在我頭上。)
business n. [ˋbɪznɪs] 生意；商業；事務
A person's regular occupation, profession, or trade. / The activity of buying and selling goods and services. / A matter or affair. (個人的常規職業、專業或行業。/ 買賣商品和服務的活動。/ 事情或事務。)
He runs his own business. (他經營自己的生意。)
Mind your own business! (管好你自己的事！)
care n. [kɛr] 關心；照顧；小心 v. 關心；在乎
Serious attention or consideration applied to doing something correctly. / The provision of what is necessary for the health, welfare, etc. / To feel concern or interest. (正確做某事時的認真注意或考慮。/ 為健康、福祉等提供必需品。/ 感到關心或有興趣。)
Handle the glass with care. (小心拿著玻璃杯。)
She needs medical care. (她需要醫療照顧。)
case n. [kes] 情況；案例；箱子
A particular situation or instance of something. / A container designed to hold something. (特定的情況或例子。/ 設計用來裝東西的容器。)
In that case, we should leave early. (在那种情况下，我们应该早点离开。)
He carried a heavy suitcase. (他提着一个沉重的箱子。)
cash n. [kæʃ] 現金 (不可數)
Money in coins or notes, as distinct from checks, money orders, or credit. (硬幣或紙幣形式的錢，區別於支票、匯票或信用卡。)
Do you prefer to pay by credit card or in cash? (你比較喜歡用信用卡支付還是付現？)
cause n. [kɔz] 原因；理由 v. 造成；引起
A person or thing that gives rise to an action, phenomenon, or condition. / To make something happen. (引起行動、現象或狀況的人或事物。/ 使某事發生。)
What was the cause of the fire? (火災的原因是什麼？)
chance n. [tʃæns] 機會；可能性；運氣
A possibility of something happening. / Opportunity. / Luck. (某事發生的可能性。/ 機會。/ 運氣。)
Is there any chance of rain today? (今天有可能下雨嗎？)
Give me a second chance. (再給我一次機會。)
Let's leave it to chance. (讓我們順其自然吧。)
change n. [tʃendʒ] 改變；零錢 v. 改變
The act or instance of making or becoming different. / Money given back when paying for something. / To make or become different. (使或變得不同的行為或例子。/ 付款時找回的錢。/ 使或變得不同。)
There has been a big change in the weather. (天氣有很大的變化。)
Here is your change. (這是找你的零錢。)
character n. [ˋkærɪktɚ] 性格；特色；角色；字母/符號
The mental and moral qualities distinctive to an individual. / A person in a novel, play, or movie. / A printed or written letter or symbol. (個人獨特的心理和道德品質。/ 小說、戲劇或電影中的人物。/ 印刷或書寫的字母或符號。)
He has a strong character. (他性格堅強。)
Who is your favorite character in the story? (故事中你最喜歡的角色是誰？)
Chinese characters are difficult to write. (漢字很難寫。)
charge n. [tʃɑrdʒ] 收費；控告；負責 v. 收費；充電；控告
A price asked for goods or services. / Responsibility for control. / To demand an amount as a price. (商品或服務所要求的價格。/ 控制的責任。/ 要求某金額作為價格。)
Is there an extra charge for delivery? (送貨需要額外收費嗎？)
He is in charge of the sales department. (他負責銷售部門。)
childhood n. [ˋtʃaɪld͵hʊd] 童年 (不可數)
The state or period of being a child. (身為小孩的狀態或時期。)
He had a happy childhood. (他有個快樂的童年。)
choice n. [tʃɔɪs] 選擇
An act of selecting or making a decision when faced with two or more possibilities. (面臨兩種或多種可能性時進行挑選或做決定的行為。)
You have no choice but to accept it. (你別無選擇，只能接受。)
class n. [klæs] 班級；課；階級
A group of students taught together; a lesson; a social division. (一起上課的一群學生；一堂課；社會階層。)
What class are you in? (你讀哪個班級？)
We learned about different social classes. (我們學到了不同的社會階級。)
collection n. [kəˋlɛkʃən] 收集；收藏品
The action or process of collecting someone or something. / A group of things collected. (收集某人或某物的行動或過程。/ 收集起來的一組東西。)
He has a large stamp collection. (他收藏了大量郵票。)
color n. [ˋkʌlɚ] 顏色
The property possessed by an object of producing different sensations on the eye as a result of the way it reflects or emits light. (物體因其反射或發射光線的方式而在眼睛上產生不同感覺的特性。)
What's your favorite color? (你最喜歡什麼顏色？)
command n. [kəˋmænd] 命令；指令 v. 命令
An authoritative order. / To give an authoritative order. (權威命令。/ 下達權威命令。)
The soldiers obeyed the officer's command. (士兵們服從了軍官的命令。)
comment n./v. [ˋkɑmɛnt] 評論；註釋
A verbal or written remark expressing an opinion or reaction. / To express an opinion. (表達意見或反應的口頭或書面評論。/ 表達意見。)
The teacher wrote some comments on my essay. (老師在我的作文上寫了一些評論。)
company n. [ˋkʌmpənɪ] 公司；陪伴
A commercial business. / The fact or condition of being with another or others. (商業企業。/ 與他人在一起的事實或狀況。)
He works for a large technology company. (他在一家大型科技公司工作。)
Thank you for your company. (謝謝你的陪伴。)
concern n./v. [kənˋsɝn] 關心；擔心；涉及
A matter of interest or importance. / To relate to; to worry someone. (感興趣或重要的事情。/ 與...有關；使某人擔心。)
That's none of your concern. (那不關你的事。)
This problem concerns all of us. (這個問題關係到我們所有人。)
condition n. [kənˋdɪʃən] 狀況；條件
The state of something with regard to its appearance, quality, or working order. / A requirement. (某物在外觀、品質或運作方面的狀態。/ 要求。)
The car is in good condition. (這輛車狀況良好。)
One of the conditions for the job is having a driver's license. (這份工作的條件之一是擁有駕照。)
conflict n./v. [ˋkɑnflɪkt] / [kənˋflɪkt] 衝突；矛盾
A serious disagreement or argument. / To be incompatible or at variance. (嚴重的不和或爭論。/ 不相容或有差異。)
The conflict between the two countries lasted for years. (兩國之間的衝突持續了多年。)
My interests conflict with my duties. (我的興趣與我的職責相衝突。)
congratulation n. [kən͵ɡrætʃəˋleʃən] 祝賀；恭喜 (常用複數 congratulations)
An expression of praise for an achievement or good wishes on a special occasion. (對成就的讚揚或在特殊場合的祝福表達。)
Congratulations on your graduation! (恭喜你畢業！)
contact n./v. [ˋkɑntækt] 聯繫；接觸
The state of physical touching or communication. / To communicate with someone. (物理接觸或溝通的狀態。/ 與某人溝通。)
Keep in contact! (保持聯繫！)
詞彙小叮嚀：
- 抽象概念的範圍很廣，這裡先列出 Part 1。
- 注意區分同一詞彙的不同詞性或意義，例如 `age`, `aid`, `aim`, `blame`, `business`, `care`, `case`, `cause`, `change`, `character`, `charge`, `class`, `collection`, `command`, `comment`, `company`, `concern`, `condition`, `conflict`, `contact` 等。
- `advice` 和 `information` 是常見的不可數名詞。