人稱代名詞 (Personal Pronouns) - 主格與受格
用來代替人或事物的名稱，根據在句子中的角色分為主格和受格。
| 主格 (Subject - 做動作) | 受格 (Object - 接受動作) | 中文意思 |
|---|---|---|
| I | me | 我 |
| you | you | 你 / 你們 |
| he | him | 他 |
| she | her | 她 |
| it | it | 它 |
| we | us | 我們 |
| they | them | 他們 / 她們 / 它們 |
例句 (Examples)
I like him. (主格 I, 受格 him)
She gave me a book. (受格 me)
They saw us at the park. (主格 They, 受格 us)
所有格 (Possessives) - 形容詞與代名詞
用來表示「所有權」或「歸屬關係」。分為需要加名詞的「所有格形容詞」和可單獨使用的「所有格代名詞」。
| 主格 | 所有格形容詞 (+ 名詞) | 所有格代名詞 (單獨使用) | 中文意思 |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | my | mine | 我的 |
| you | your | yours | 你的/你們的 |
| he | his | his | 他的 |
| she | her | hers | 她的 |
| it | its | (its*) | 它的 (*很少單獨用) |
| we | our | ours | 我們的 |
| they | their | theirs | 他們的/她們的/它們的 |
例句 (Examples)
This is my book. / This book is mine.
Is that your car? / Is that car yours?
Her bag is blue. / The blue bag is hers.
Our house is bigger than theirs.
反身代名詞 (Reflexive Pronouns)
指「...自己」，表示動作回到主詞本身，或用來強調主詞。
| 主詞 | 反身代名詞 |
|---|---|
| I | myself |
| you (單數) | yourself |
| he | himself |
| she | herself |
| it | itself |
| we | ourselves |
| you (複數) | yourselves |
| they | themselves |
例句 (Examples)
He taught himself to play the guitar. (他自學吉他。- 作為受詞)
I finished the project myself. (我自己完成了這個專案。- 強調)
指示代名詞 (Demonstrative Pronouns)
用來指示特定的人或事物，有單複數和遠近之分。
this [ðɪs] (這個 - 單數近) / that [ðæt] (那個 - 單數遠)
This is my pen. That is your book.
these [ðiz] (這些 - 複數近) / those [ðoz] (那些 - 複數遠)
These are apples. Those are oranges.
疑問代名詞 (Interrogative Pronouns)
用來引導問句，詢問關於人或事物的資訊。
who [hu] (誰 - 主格) / whom [hum] (誰 - 受格) / whose [huz] (誰的)
Who is coming? / Whom did you see? / Whose book is this?
what [hwɑt] (什麼)
What is that? / What do you want?
which [hwɪtʃ] (哪個 - 用於有限定範圍的選擇)
Which is bigger, the apple or the orange?
注意：這些疑問詞也可以引導名詞子句或形容詞子句（關係代名詞）。
不定代名詞 (Indefinite Pronouns)
用來指代不特定的人、地方、事物或數量。
指人/事物 (People/Things) - 通常視為單數
- Some- (肯定):
somebody,someone,something - Any- (否定/疑問):
anybody,anyone,anything - Every- (全部):
everybody,everyone,everything - No- (沒有):
nobody,no one,nothing
例：Somebody is waiting for you. / Is anything wrong? / Everything is ready. / Nobody knows.
指數量/群體 (Quantity/Group)
one(一個),another(另一個),other(另一個/其他的 - 通常作形容詞),others(其他人事物),the other(兩者中的另一個),the others(群體中剩下的全部)some(一些),any(任何/一些),none(沒有一個)all(全部),both(兩者都)each(每一個 - 單數)many(很多 - 可數),much(很多 - 不可數),few(很少 - 可數),little(很少 - 不可數),several(幾個 - 可數)more(更多),most(大部分/最多),less(更少),least(最少)
例：One is red, the other is blue. / Some like tea, others prefer coffee. / All of the students are here. / Each has a different plan.
代名詞小叮嚀：
- 代名詞是英文的基礎，掌握不同種類代名詞的用法和格位變化非常重要！
- 人稱代名詞要注意主格和受格的區別。
- 所有格形容詞 (my...) 後面要加名詞，所有格代名詞 (mine...) 可以單獨使用。
- 反身代名詞的結尾是 -self (單數) 或 -selves (複數)。
- 不定代名詞的單複數用法需要特別注意！