認識量詞 (Quantifiers)

多多少少怎麼說？量詞用法詳解 (Quantifiers)

哈囉！想表達「一些蘋果」、「很多水」、「每個學生」、「大部分的人」時，該用哪些字呢？這就要靠「量詞」(Quantifiers) 來幫忙了！量詞是用來表示名詞「數量」或「份量」的詞。

選擇哪個量詞，最重要的就是要看它後面接的是**可數名詞**還是**不可數名詞**！

一、主要用於「可數名詞」(複數) 的量詞：

這些量詞後面要接「複數」的可數名詞。

• many (很多)：表示數量多。
  例：There are many students.
• a few (一些；幾個)：表示數量不多，但仍有一些（帶肯定意味）。
  例：I have a few questions.
• few (很少；幾乎沒有)：表示數量非常少，接近於無（帶否定意味）。
  例：He has few friends. (注意：a few 和 few 意思不同！)
• several (幾個；數個)：數量比 `a few` 多，但不如 `many`。
  例：Several people were late. (有好幾個人遲到。)
• both (兩者都)：指**兩個**人或事物。
  例：Both answers are correct. (兩個答案都對。)

二、主要用於「不可數名詞」的量詞：

這些量詞後面接「不可數」名詞。

• much (很多)：表示量多，主要用於**否定句**和**疑問句**。
  例：I don't have much time.
  例：How much money do you need?
• a little (一些；少許)：表示量不多，但仍有一些（帶肯定意味）。
  例：There is a little hope.
• little (很少；幾乎沒有)：表示量非常少，接近於無（帶否定意味）。
  例：He speaks little English. (他幾乎不會說英文。) (注意：a little 和 little 意思不同！)

練習 1：選擇 many / much / (a) few / (a) little / several / both

1. There aren't _______ chairs in the room.
2. I only speak _______ English.
3. How _______ brothers do you have?
4. She doesn't drink _______ coffee.
5. _______ cars were parked outside. (比 a few 多)
6. _______ parents were happy about the result. (指父母兩人)
7. He has _______ money; he can't afford it. (否定意味)

解答：1. many 2. a little 3. many 4. much 5. several 6. Both 7. little

三、通用量詞 (可用於「可數複數」和「不可數」名詞)：

這些量詞用法較廣泛。

• a lot of / lots of (很多)：非常常用，肯定、否定、疑問句皆可。
  例：a lot of books (可數) / lots of sugar (不可數)
• plenty of (充足的；很多的)：表示數量足夠或綽綽有餘。
  例：We have plenty of time. (不可數) / plenty of ideas (可數)
• some (一些)：常用於肯定句；或表示邀請/請求/期待肯定回答的疑問句。
  例：some students (可數) / some information (不可數)
• any (任何；一些)：常用於否定句和疑問句。
  例：Do you have any pets? (可數) / Is there any water? (不可數)
• no (沒有)：表示「零數量」，句子本身是肯定結構，但帶否定意思 (= not any)。
  例：He has no brothers. (可數) / There is no coffee left. (不可數)
• most (大部分)：
  例：Most children like candy. (可數) / Most advice is helpful. (不可數)
• all (全部；所有)：
  例：All tickets were sold out. (可數) / All the furniture is new. (不可數)
• enough (足夠的)：可以放名詞前或形容詞/副詞後。
  例：We have enough food. (不可數) / Are there enough chairs? (可數)
  例：He is tall enough. (他夠高了。 - 副詞用法)

四、用於「單數可數名詞」的量詞/限定詞：

• every (每一個)：指群體中的所有成員，但視為個別單位，動詞用單數。
  例：Every house on this street looks the same.
• each (每一個)：與 `every` 相似，更強調個體，動詞用單數。
  例：Each student has a different project.
• either (兩者中的任一個)：
  例：You can park on either side of the street. (你可以在街道的任一邊停車。)
• neither (兩者都不)：本身帶否定意味。
  例：Neither answer is correct. (兩個答案都不對。)

五、表示「部分」的用法 (`... of ...`)

許多量詞可以用 `Quantifier + of + 限定詞 (the/my/these...) + 名詞` 的結構，表示「...當中的...」。

重點結構與主詞動詞一致：

• one of / each of + (the/my...) + 複數名詞 + 單數動詞
  例：One of my sisters is a nurse.
  例：Each of the players tries hard.
• some of / most of / all of / a lot of / lots of / plenty of + (the/my...) + 複數名詞 + 複數動詞
  例：Some of the students are absent.
  例：Most of my friends like movies.
  例：All of the books were interesting.
• some of / most of / all of / a lot of / lots of / plenty of / none of + (the/my...) + 不可數名詞 + 單數動詞
  例：Some of the money was stolen.
  例：Most of the advice is useful.
  例：None of the furniture looks new.
• both of + (the/my...) + 複數名詞 + 複數動詞
  例：Both of his parents are doctors.
• neither of + (the/my...) + 複數名詞 + 單數動詞 (較常見)
  例：Neither of the answers is correct.
• none of + (the/my...) + 複數名詞 + 單數或複數動詞皆可 (單數較常用)
  例：None of the students is/are ready.

練習 2：選擇正確的詞語

1. Do you have _______ brothers? (A. some B. any C. no)
2. _______ student in this class passed the test. (A. All B. Every C. Many)
3. I drank _______ water because I was thirsty. (A. many B. a few C. a lot of)
4. _______ my classmates are friendly. (A. One of B. Some of C. Every)
5. Neither of the stories _______ interesting. (A. is B. are)
6. One of the _______ (car/cars) is red.

解答：1. B 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. A 6. cars

量詞小總結：

• 使用量詞前，先判斷名詞是**可數**還是**不可數**！是**單數**還是**複數**！
• 注意 `a few` vs `few` 和 `a little` vs `little` 的肯定/否定意味。
• `some` 通常肯定；`any` 通常否定/疑問。
• `every`/`each`/`either`/`neither` 後面接**單數可數**名詞。
• `... of ...` 結構中，`of` 後面通常是**特定**的**複數**名詞（或不可數），但動詞單複數要看 `of` **前面**的量詞！
• 熟悉這些規則，就能更精準地表達數量了！