未來式 (will / be going to)

文法小教室 : 展望未來 未來式 (will / be going to)

「未來」要做的事或可能發生的事,該怎麼辦呢?英文中表達「未來」最常用的方式有兩種:使用助動詞 will 和使用片語 be going to。它們都可以表示未來,但在用法上有一些細微的差別喔!

一、使用 will 的未來式 (Future with "will")

Will 通常用來表達:

  • 當下臨時的決定或意願: 在說話的當下才決定要做的事。
    例:A: The phone is ringing. (電話響了。) B: Okay, I'll get it. (好,我去接。) (I'll = I will)
    例:It's hot in here. I'll open the window. (這裡好熱。我去開窗。)
  • 預測 (通常基於個人看法或猜測): 覺得未來可能會發生的事。常與 I think..., probably (可能) 連用。
    例:I think it will rain tomorrow. (我想明天下雨。)
    例:He will probably be late. (他可能會遲到。)
  • 承諾或提議:
    例:I will always love you. (我會永遠愛你。) (承諾)
    例:I will help you with your homework. (我來幫你做功課吧。) (提議)

句型結構 (will):

  • 肯定句: 主詞 + will (縮寫 'll) + **動詞原形** ...
    例:She will come later. / She'll come later.
  • 否定句: 主詞 + will not (縮寫 won't) + **動詞原形** ...
    例:We will not go to the party. / We won't go to the party.
  • 疑問句: Will + 主詞 + **動詞原形** ...?
    例:Will you be there? (你到時候會在那裡嗎?)
  • 簡答: Yes, 主詞 + will. / No, 主詞 + won't.
    例:Yes, I will. / No, she won't.

二、使用 be going to 的未來式 (Future with "be going to")

Be going to 通常用來表達:

  • 事先計畫好的意圖或安排: 在說話之前就已經決定或安排好的未來計畫。
    例:We are going to travel to Japan next month. (我們下個月要去日本玩。) (已經計畫好了)
    例:I'm going to start learning French. (我打算開始學法文。) (已經有這個意圖)
  • 基於目前跡象的預測: 根據眼前看到的跡象,預測即將發生的事。
    例:Look at those dark clouds! It's going to rain. (看那些烏雲!快要下雨了。)
    例:He's driving too fast. He's going to crash! (他開太快了。他會撞車的!)

句型結構 (be going to):

(注意:be 要根據主詞變化成 am, is, are)

  • 肯定句: 主詞 + be (am/is/are) + going to + **動詞原形** ...
    例:I am going to watch a movie tonight.
    例:She is going to visit her aunt.
  • 否定句: 主詞 + be not (isn't/aren't/'m not) + going to + **動詞原形** ...
    例:He isn't going to play basketball.
    例:They aren't going to come.
  • 疑問句: Be (Am/Is/Are) + 主詞 + going to + **動詞原形** ...?
    例:Are you going to study abroad? (你打算出國讀書嗎?)
  • 簡答: Yes, 主詞 + be (am/is/are). / No, 主詞 + be not (isn't/aren't/'m not).
    例:Yes, I am. / No, she isn't. / No, they aren't.

三、will vs. be going to 的區別

雖然它們都表示未來,但強調的重點不同:

will be going to
**決定時機** 說話當下決定 (臨時起意) 說話前已決定 (計畫/意圖)
**預測基礎** 個人看法/猜測 目前跡象/證據
**其他** 承諾、提議 (較少用於承諾提議)

例句比較:**

  • (電話響了) A: The phone is ringing! B: Okay, I will ('ll) get it. (臨時決定)
  • We are going to have a party next Saturday. (事先計畫)
  • I think the blue team will win the game. (個人預測)
  • Look at the time! We are going to be late! (根據現在時間預測)

(有時候兩者意思相近,可以互換,但了解它們的核心差異有助於更精確地使用。)

練習 1:選擇 will 或 be going to 的正確形式

  1. A: Oh no, I left my wallet at home! B: Don't worry, I _______ lend you some money.
  2. Look at those clouds! It _______ rain soon.
  3. We _______ visit our grandparents next weekend. We bought the tickets yesterday.
  4. I think she _______ like this gift.

解答:1. will ('ll) 2. is going to 3. are going to 4. will

未來式小總結:

  • will + 原形動詞,常表示「臨時決定」或「個人預測」。否定是 won't
  • be going to + 原形動詞,常表示「事先計畫」或「根據跡象的預測」。注意 Be 動詞要變化。
  • 了解兩者的核心差異,能讓你的未來式用得更道地!

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