「未來」要做的事或可能發生的事,該怎麼辦呢?英文中表達「未來」最常用的方式有兩種:使用助動詞 will 和使用片語 be going to。它們都可以表示未來,但在用法上有一些細微的差別喔!
一、使用 will 的未來式 (Future with "will")
Will 通常用來表達:
- 當下臨時的決定或意願: 在說話的當下才決定要做的事。
例:A: The phone is ringing. (電話響了。) B: Okay, I'll getit. (好,我去接。) (I'll = I will)
例:It's hot in here. I'll openthe window. (這裡好熱。我去開窗。) - 預測 (通常基於個人看法或猜測): 覺得未來可能會發生的事。常與
I think...,probably(可能) 連用。
例:I think itwill raintomorrow. (我想明天下雨。)
例:Hewill probablybe late. (他可能會遲到。) - 承諾或提議:
例:Iwillalways love you. (我會永遠愛你。) (承諾)
例:Iwillhelp you with your homework. (我來幫你做功課吧。) (提議)
句型結構 (will):
- 肯定句: 主詞 +
will(縮寫'll) + **動詞原形** ...
例:Shewill comelater. / She'll comelater. - 否定句: 主詞 +
will not(縮寫won't) + **動詞原形** ...
例:Wewill not goto the party. / Wewon't goto the party. - 疑問句:
Will+ 主詞 + **動詞原形** ...?
例:Willyoubethere? (你到時候會在那裡嗎?) - 簡答: Yes, 主詞 + will. / No, 主詞 + won't.
例:Yes, I will. / No, she won't.
二、使用 be going to 的未來式 (Future with "be going to")
Be going to 通常用來表達:
- 事先計畫好的意圖或安排: 在說話之前就已經決定或安排好的未來計畫。
例:Weare going to travelto Japan next month. (我們下個月要去日本玩。) (已經計畫好了)
例:I'm going to startlearning French. (我打算開始學法文。) (已經有這個意圖) - 基於目前跡象的預測: 根據眼前看到的跡象,預測即將發生的事。
例:Look at those dark clouds! It's going to rain. (看那些烏雲!快要下雨了。)
例:He's driving too fast. He's going to crash! (他開太快了。他會撞車的!)
句型結構 (be going to):
(注意:be 要根據主詞變化成 am, is, are)
- 肯定句: 主詞 +
be (am/is/are)+going to+ **動詞原形** ...
例:Iam going to watcha movie tonight.
例:Sheis going to visither aunt. - 否定句: 主詞 +
be not (isn't/aren't/'m not)+going to+ **動詞原形** ...
例:Heisn't going to playbasketball.
例:Theyaren't going to come. - 疑問句:
Be (Am/Is/Are)+ 主詞 +going to+ **動詞原形** ...?
例:Areyougoing to studyabroad? (你打算出國讀書嗎?) - 簡答: Yes, 主詞 + be (am/is/are). / No, 主詞 + be not (isn't/aren't/'m not).
例:Yes, I am. / No, she isn't. / No, they aren't.
三、will vs. be going to 的區別
雖然它們都表示未來,但強調的重點不同:
| will | be going to | |
|---|---|---|
| **決定時機** | 說話當下決定 (臨時起意) | 說話前已決定 (計畫/意圖) |
| **預測基礎** | 個人看法/猜測 | 目前跡象/證據 |
| **其他** | 承諾、提議 | (較少用於承諾提議) |
例句比較:**
- (電話響了) A: The phone is ringing! B: Okay, I
will ('ll)get it. (臨時決定) - We
are going tohave a party next Saturday. (事先計畫) - I think the blue team
willwin the game. (個人預測) - Look at the time! We
are going tobe late! (根據現在時間預測)
(有時候兩者意思相近,可以互換,但了解它們的核心差異有助於更精確地使用。)
練習 1:選擇 will 或 be going to 的正確形式
- A: Oh no, I left my wallet at home! B: Don't worry, I _______ lend you some money.
- Look at those clouds! It _______ rain soon.
- We _______ visit our grandparents next weekend. We bought the tickets yesterday.
- I think she _______ like this gift.
解答:1. will ('ll) 2. is going to 3. are going to 4. will
未來式小總結:
- 用
will+ 原形動詞,常表示「臨時決定」或「個人預測」。否定是won't。 - 用
be going to+ 原形動詞,常表示「事先計畫」或「根據跡象的預測」。注意 Be 動詞要變化。 - 了解兩者的核心差異,能讓你的未來式用得更道地!
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