附加問句 (Tag Questions)

我們在跟別人聊天時，常常會在說完一句話後，加上「對吧？」、「是不是？」來確認對方是否同意，或者只是想讓語氣聽起來比較委婉、比較像在聊天。英文裡也有類似的用法，就叫做「附加問句」(Tag Questions)！它就像一個小小的尾巴，附加在主要的陳述句後面。

一、附加問句的基本規則 (Basic Rules)

附加問句最重要的規則就是「**前後相反**」：

規則 1：肯定陳述句 + 否定附加問句

如果前面的主要句子是肯定的，後面的附加問句就要用否定的形式。

• You are a student, aren't you? (你是學生，不是嗎？)
• He likes coffee, doesn't he? (他喜歡咖啡，不是嗎？)
• They went home, didn't they? (他們回家了，不是嗎？)

規則 2：否定陳述句 + 肯定附加問句

如果前面的主要句子是否定的 (有 not, never, seldom, hardly 等否定詞)，後面的附加問句就要用肯定的形式。

• She isn't tired, is she? (她不累，是嗎？)
• You don't speak French, do you? (你不會說法文，是嗎？)
• He never comes late, does he? (他從不遲到，是嗎？)

二、附加問句的形成方式 (How to Form Tag Questions)

附加問句由「**助動詞/Be動詞/情態動詞 + 主詞代名詞**」構成。

1. 動詞的選擇：

附加問句中的動詞，要和主要子句的動詞「匹配」：

• 主要子句是 Be 動詞 (am/is/are/was/were)：附加問句也用 Be 動詞。
  例：It is cold, isn't it?
  例：They weren't sleeping, were they?
  (特殊：I am → aren't I?)
• 主要子句是一般動詞 (現在簡單式/過去簡單式)：附加問句用助動詞 do/does/did。
  例：You like pizza, don't you?
  例：She speaks English, doesn't she?
  例：He didn't come, did he?
• 主要子句有助動詞 (have/has/had - 完成式) 或情態動詞 (can/will/should...)：附加問句用相同的助動詞或情態動詞。
  例：You have finished, haven't you?
  例：He can swim, can't he?
  例：They won't be late, will they?

2. 主詞的選擇：

附加問句的主詞**永遠**使用「**人稱代名詞**」(I, you, he, she, it, we, they) 來代替主要子句的主詞。

• Mary is a student, isn't she? (不是 isn't Mary?)
• The books are expensive, aren't they? (不是 aren't the books?)

練習 1：加上正確的附加問句

1. She is your sister, _______?
2. They don't like studying, _______?
3. He went to the park yesterday, _______?
4. You can speak Chinese, _______?
5. We have finished the project, _______?

解答：1. isn't she 2. do they 3. didn't he 4. can't you 5. haven't we

三、特殊情況 (Special Cases)

有些情況下的附加問句比較特別：

• I am ... → aren't I?
  例：I am smart, aren't I? (不是 am't I 或 ain't I)
• 祈使句 (Imperative):
  • 肯定祈使 (命令/請求)：通常用 will you? 或 won't you? (較客氣可用 can you? / could you?)
    例：Open the window, will you?
    例：Please sit down, won't you?
  • 否定祈使：通常用 will you?
    例：Don't be late, will you?
• Let's ... → shall we?
  例：Let's go home, shall we?
• There is / There are ... → isn't there? / aren't there?
  例：There is a book on the table, isn't there?
  例：There weren't many people, were there?
• 句子含否定詞 (never, seldom, hardly, few, little...)： 視為否定句，附加問句用「肯定」。
  例：He seldom smiles, does he?
  例：You have little time, do you?
• 主詞是不定代名詞 (somebody, everyone, nobody...)： 附加問句主詞通常用 they。
  例：Someone called you, didn't they?
  例：Nobody knows the answer, do they?
• 主詞是事物的不定代名詞 (something, everything, nothing...)： 附加問句主詞用 it。
  例：Nothing is impossible, is it?

練習 2：加上正確的附加問句 (特殊情況)

1. I'm your best friend, _______?
2. Let's have lunch, _______?
3. There aren't any chairs, _______?
4. He hardly ever studies, _______?
5. Everybody is here, _______?

解答：1. aren't I 2. shall we 3. are there 4. does he 5. aren't they (主詞用 they，動詞通常配合 they 用複數，儘管前面是 is)

附加問句小總結：

• 用來確認資訊或徵求同意，像中文的「對吧、不是嗎、是嗎」。
• 基本規則：「前肯後否，前否後肯」。
• 附加問句由「助動詞/Be/情態動詞 + 主詞代名詞」構成。
• 動詞形式要和主要子句匹配。
• 主詞永遠用代名詞。
• 注意 I am, 祈使句, Let's, There is/are, 否定詞, 不定代名詞等特殊情況。
• 多聽多練習，你也能自然地用出附加問句！