說與講 (Saying & Speaking)
say v. [se] 說；講 (內容) (過去式/過去分詞: said [sɛd])
To speak words. (說話語。)
What did he say? (他說了什麼？)
He said (that) he was tired. (他說他累了。)
注意：強調說話的「內容」。後面若要接受詞(人)，需加 to (say to someone)。
tell v. [tɛl] 告訴 (某人某事) (過去式/過去分詞: told [told])
To give information to someone. (給某人資訊。)
Please tell me the truth. (請告訴我實話。)
He told me (that) he was tired. (他告訴我他累了。)
注意：後面常直接接受詞(人)，再接說話內容。常用於 tell a story/joke/lie (說故事/笑話/謊話)。
speak v. [spik] 說；講 (語言)；演說 (過去式: spoke [spok]; 過去分詞: spoken [ˋspokən])
To say things; to use your voice; to talk to someone; to use a particular language. (說事情；用聲音；和某人說話；使用特定語言。)
Can you speak English? (你會說英語嗎？)
He spoke about his travel experiences. (他講述了他的旅行經歷。)
talk v./n. [tɔk] 談話；交談
To say things; to have a conversation. / A conversation or discussion. (說事情；進行對話。/ 對話或討論。)
Let's talk about the plan. (我們來談談計畫吧。)
We had a long talk last night. (我們昨晚聊了很久。)
shout v./n. [ʃaʊt] 喊叫
To speak very loudly. / A loud cry. (非常大聲地說話。/ 大叫聲。)
Please don't shout in the library. (請不要在圖書館大喊大叫。)
pronounce v. [prəˋnaʊns] 發音
To make the sound of a word or letter in a particular way. (以特定方式發出單字或字母的聲音。)
How do you pronounce this word? (這個字你怎麼發音？)
spell v. [spɛl] 拼字 (過去式/過去分詞: spelled 或 spelt)
To write or name the letters of a word in the correct order. (按正確順序寫出或說出單字的字母。)
Can you spell your name, please? (可以請你拼一下你的名字嗎？)
問與答 (Asking & Answering)
ask v. [æsk] 問；要求
To say something in order to get an answer or information. / To request something. (為了得到答案或資訊而說話。/ 請求某事。)
Can I ask you a question? (我可以問你一個問題嗎？)
He asked me to help him. (他請求我幫他。)
answer v./n. [ˋænsɚ] 回答；答案
To say, write, or do something as a reaction to a question. / Something said or written in reaction to a question. (作為對問題的回應而說、寫或做。/ 對問題的回應。)
Please answer the phone. (請接電話。)
Do you know the answer to this question? (你知道這個問題的答案嗎？)
reply v./n. [rɪˋplaɪ] 回覆；答覆
To say or write something as an answer. / An answer. (作為答案而說或寫。/ 答案。)
He didn't reply to my email. (他沒有回覆我的電子郵件。)
I am waiting for your reply. (我正在等你的回覆。)
question n./v. [ˋkwɛstʃən] 問題；質問
A sentence worded to elicit information. / To ask questions; to express doubt. (為引出資訊而措辭的句子。/ 提問；表示懷疑。)
Raise your hand if you have a question. (如果你有問題，請舉手。)
Don't question my motives. (不要質疑我的動機。)
討論與說明 (Discussing & Explaining)
discuss v. [dɪˋskʌs] 討論
To talk about something with a person or group. (與一個人或團體談論某事。)
We need to discuss the plan for the weekend. (我們需要討論週末的計畫。)
explain v. [ɪkˋsplen] 解釋；說明
To make something clear or easy to understand. (使某事清晰或易於理解。)
Could you explain this grammar rule again? (你可以再解釋一次這個文法規則嗎？)
describe v. [dɪˋskraɪb] 描述；形容
To say or write what someone or something is like. (說或寫出某人或某物的樣子。)
Can you describe the man you saw? (你能描述一下你看到的那個男人嗎？)
mention v. [ˋmɛnʃən] 提及；說到
To refer to something briefly and without going into detail. (簡短地、不深入細節地提到某事。)
Did he mention my name? (他有提到我的名字嗎？)
report v./n. [rɪˋport] 報導；報告
To give a spoken or written account of something. / A spoken or written account. (口頭或書面描述某事。/ 口頭或書面描述。)
The news reported a fire downtown. (新聞報導了市中心的一場火災。)
I need to finish my book report. (我需要完成我的讀書報告。)
suggest v. [səˋdʒɛst] 建議；提議
To put forward an idea or plan for consideration. (提出想法或計畫供考慮。)
I suggest we go to the library. (我建議我們去圖書館。)
advise v. [ədˋvaɪz] 建議；勸告
To offer suggestions about the best course of action to someone. (向某人提供關於最佳行動方案的建議。)
My doctor advised me to exercise more. (我的醫生建議我多運動。)
同意、抱怨與請求 (Agreeing, Complaining & Requesting)
agree v. [əˋɡri] 同意
To have the same opinion about something. (對某事有相同看法。)
I agree with you completely. (我完全同意你。)
argue v. [ˋɑrɡjʊ] 爭論；爭吵
To give reasons or cite evidence in support of an idea or action. / To exchange or express diverging or opposite views, typically in a heated or angry way. (提出理由或證據支持想法或行動。/ 交換或表達分歧或相反的觀點，通常帶有激烈或憤怒的方式。)
They often argue about money. (他們常常為了錢爭吵。)
complain v. [kəmˋplen] 抱怨
To express dissatisfaction or annoyance about something. (對某事表示不滿或惱怒。)
He always complains about the weather. (他總是抱怨天氣。)
confirm v. [kənˋfɝm] 確認；證實
To establish the truth or correctness of something. (確立某事的真實性或正確性。)
Please call to confirm your reservation. (請打電話確認您的預訂。)
deny v. [dɪˋnaɪ] 否認；拒絕給予
To state that something is not true. / To refuse to give or grant something. (陳述某事不真實。/ 拒絕給予某物。)
He denied taking the money. (他否認拿了錢。)
excuse v. [ɪkˋskjuz] 原諒；辯解 n. [ɪkˋskjus] 藉口；理由
To forgive someone for a minor offence. / A reason given to justify a fault. (原諒某人的輕微過錯。/ 用來辯解過錯的理由。)
Excuse me, can you tell me the time? (對不起，能告訴我時間嗎？)
Don't make excuses for being late. (不要為遲到找藉口。)
forbid v. [fɚˋbɪd] 禁止 (過去式: forbade [fɚˋbed] 或 forbad; 過去分詞: forbidden [fɚˋbɪdn])
To refuse to allow something. (拒絕允許某事。)
Smoking is forbidden here. (此處禁止吸菸。)
forgive v. [fɚˋɡɪv] 原諒 (過去式: forgave [fɚˋɡev]; 過去分詞: forgiven [fɚˋɡɪvən])
To stop feeling angry or resentful towards someone for an offence. (停止對某人的過錯感到生氣或怨恨。)
Please forgive me for being late. (請原諒我遲到。)
greet v. [ɡrit] 問候；迎接
To welcome someone with particular words or actions. (用特定的言語或行動歡迎某人。)
She greeted us with a warm smile. (她用溫暖的微笑迎接我們。)
ignore v. [ɪɡˋnor] 忽略；不理睬
To refuse to take notice of or acknowledge. (拒絕注意或承認。)
He ignored my question and walked away. (他忽略了我的問題就走開了。)
insist v. [ɪnˋsɪst] 堅持
To demand something forcefully, not accepting refusal. (強硬地要求某事，不接受拒絕。)
She insisted on paying for the meal. (她堅持要付飯錢。)
interrupt v. [͵ɪntəˋrʌpt] 打斷；插嘴
To stop the continuous progress of (an activity or process). (中止（活動或過程）的持續進行。)
Sorry to interrupt, but I have a question. (抱歉打擾一下，但我有個問題。)
invite v. [ɪnˋvaɪt] 邀請
To ask someone to go somewhere or do something. (邀請某人去某地或做某事。)
He invited me to his birthday party. (他邀請我參加他的生日派對。)
joke v./n. [dʒok] 開玩笑；笑話
To say things that are intended to cause amusement. / Something said or done for amusement. (說意圖引起娛樂的話。/ 為娛樂而說或做的事。)
He is always joking with his friends. (他總是和朋友開玩笑。)
That's a funny joke! (真是個好笑的笑話！)
lie v. [laɪ] 說謊；躺 n. 謊言 (說謊三態: lie-lied-lied; 躺三態: lie-lay-lain)
To tell an untruth. / To be in a horizontal position. / An untruth. (說不實的話。/ 處於水平位置。/ 不實的話。)
Don't lie to me! (不要對我說謊！)
He lay on the sofa and watched TV. (他躺在沙發上看電視。)
He told a lie about his age. (他謊報了年齡。)
nod v./n. [nɑd] 點頭
To lower and raise one's head slightly and briefly, especially in greeting, assent, or understanding. (輕微而短暫地低頭和抬頭，尤指在問候、同意或理解時。)
She nodded in agreement. (她點頭表示同意。)
offer v./n. [ˋɔfɚ] 提供；提議
To present something for someone to accept or reject. / An expression of readiness to do something. (提出某物供人接受或拒絕。/ 表示準備好做某事。)
Can I offer you a drink? (要不要來杯飲料？)
order v./n. [ˋɔrdɚ] 命令；點餐；訂購；順序
To give an authoritative instruction. / To request (something) to be made, supplied, or served. / Arrangement of things in relation to each other. (下達權威指示。/ 要求製作、供應或服務（某物）。/ 事物相互關聯的排列。)
The captain ordered the soldiers to stand still. (隊長命令士兵們站好。)
Are you ready to order? (你準備好點餐了嗎？)
Put the words in the correct order. (把單字按正確順序排列。)
pardon v./n. [ˋpɑrdn] 原諒；赦免 (用於請求重複或表示歉意)
To forgive or excuse (a person, error, or offence). / Used to ask someone to repeat something because you did not hear or understand it. (原諒或寬恕（人、錯誤或過失）。/ 用於請求某人重複某事，因為你沒聽到或沒聽懂。)
Pardon me? I didn't hear what you said. (抱歉？我沒聽到你說什麼。)
I beg your pardon. (請您原諒。)
praise v./n. [prez] 讚美；表揚
To express approval or admiration of. / The expression of approval or admiration. (表達對...的贊同或欽佩。/ 贊同或欽佩的表達。)
The teacher praised the students for their hard work. (老師表揚了學生們的努力。)
pray v. [pre] 祈禱；祈求
To address a prayer to God or another deity. (向神或其他神祇禱告。)
They pray for peace. (他們祈禱和平。)
promise v./n. [ˋprɑmɪs] 承諾；保證
To assure someone that one will definitely do something or that something will happen. / A declaration that one will do a particular thing. (向某人保證一定會做某事或某事一定會發生。/ 表示會做某事的聲明。)
He promised to call me back. (他承諾會回我電話。)
Don't make a promise you can't keep. (不要做出你無法遵守的承諾。)
refuse v. [rɪˋfjuz] 拒絕
To indicate that one is not willing to accept or grant (something offered or requested). (表示不願意接受或准予（被提供或請求的事物）。)
She refused to answer the question. (她拒絕回答這個問題。)
remind v. [rɪˋmaɪnd] 提醒；使想起
To cause someone to remember someone or something. (使某人記得某人或某事。)
Please remind me to buy milk. (請提醒我去買牛奶。)
request v./n. [rɪˋkwɛst] 要求；請求
To politely or formally ask for something. / An act of asking politely or formally. (禮貌地或正式地要求某事。/ 禮貌或正式地要求。)
He requested more information. (他要求提供更多資訊。)
require v. [rɪˋkwaɪr] 需要；要求
To need for a particular purpose. / To order or demand something. (為特定目的而需要。/ 命令或要求某事。)
This job requires computer skills. (這份工作需要電腦技能。)
respect v./n. [rɪˋspɛkt] 尊敬；尊重
To admire someone deeply, as a result of their abilities, qualities, or achievements. / A feeling of deep admiration. (因某人的能力、品質或成就而深深欽佩。/ 深深的欽佩感。)
We should respect the elderly. (我們應該尊敬長者。)
thank v./n. [θæŋk] 感謝
To express gratitude to someone. / An expression of gratitude. (向某人表達感激之情。/ 感激的表達。)
Thank you for your help. (謝謝你的幫忙。)
trust v./n. [trʌst] 信任；信賴
To believe in the reliability, truth, or ability of someone or something. / Firm belief in reliability. (相信某人或某物的可靠性、真實性或能力。/ 堅定的信任。)
It's important to build trust in a relationship. (在關係中建立信任很重要。)
warn v. [wɔrn] 警告；提醒
To inform someone in advance of possible danger or problems. (事先告知某人可能的危險或問題。)
The sign warns people about the thin ice. (標誌警告人們冰層很薄。)
其他溝通動作 (Other Communication Actions)
call v./n. [kɔl] 打電話；呼叫
To contact someone by phone. / A telephone call. (透過電話聯絡某人。/ 一通電話。)
I will call you later. (我稍後打給你。)
Did you get my call? (你接到我的電話了嗎？)
telephone v./n. [ˋtɛlə͵fon] 打電話；電話
To call someone using the telephone. / The system for transmitting voices. (用電話打給某人。/ 傳輸聲音的系統。)
He telephoned me this morning. (他今天早上打電話給我。)
contact v./n. [ˋkɑntækt] 聯繫；接觸
To communicate with someone. / The state of physical touching or communication. (與某人溝通。/ 物理接觸或溝通的狀態。)
Please contact us if you have any questions. (如果你有任何問題，請聯繫我們。)
write v. [raɪt] 書寫 (過去式: wrote; 過去分詞: written)
To mark letters or symbols on a surface. (在表面標記字母或符號。)
She writes articles for a magazine. (她為一家雜誌寫文章。)
print v./n. [prɪnt] 印刷；列印
To produce (books, newspapers, etc.) by a mechanical process involving the transfer of text or designs to paper. / Text produced by printing. (透過涉及將文本或設計轉移到紙上的機械過程來生產（書籍、報紙等）。/ 印刷出來的文本。)
Can you print this document for me? (你可以幫我列印這份文件嗎？)
broadcast v./n. [ˋbrɔd͵kæst] 廣播；播送 (三態同形)
To transmit (a programme or some information) by radio or television. / A radio or television programme or transmission. (透過廣播或電視傳輸（節目或資訊）。/ 廣播或電視節目或傳輸。)
The news will be broadcast at 6 PM. (新聞將在晚上六點播出。)
translate v. [trænsˋlet] 翻譯
To express the sense of (words or text) in another language. (用另一種語言表達（詞語或文本）的意思。)
Can you translate this sentence into Chinese? (你可以把這個句子翻譯成中文嗎？)
introduce v. [͵ɪntrəˋdus] 介紹；引進
To bring something into use or operation for the first time. / To make someone known by name to another person. (首次將某物投入使用或運作。/ 將某人介紹給另一個人認識。)
Let me introduce my friend, John. (讓我介紹我的朋友，約翰。)
詞彙小叮嚀：
- 注意 `say`, `tell`, `speak`, `talk` 的細微差別：`say` 強調內容，`tell` 強調告知對象，`speak` 強調說話能力或單向演說，`talk` 強調雙向交談。
- 很多溝通動詞同時有名詞詞性。
- `lie` 有「說謊」和「躺下」兩種意思，三態變化不同，要特別留意。
- 學會這些動詞，讓你的溝通更精確、更多樣！