擁有 / 缺少 (Having / Lacking)
have v. [hæv] 擁有；有 (過去式/過去分詞: had [hæd])
To possess, own, or hold. (持有、擁有或握有。)
I have two brothers. (我有兩個兄弟。)
She has a new car. (她有一輛新車。)
注意：作為助動詞用於完成式，如 I have finished.
hold v. [hold] 握住；持有；舉辦 (過去式/過去分詞: held [hɛld])
To grasp, carry, or support with one's arms or hands. / To keep or possess. / To organize an event. (用手臂或手抓住、攜帶或支撐。/ 保有或擁有。/ 組織活動。)
Can you hold my bag for a moment? (你可以幫我拿一下包包嗎？)
The meeting will be held tomorrow. (會議將於明天舉行。)
keep v. [kip] 保有；維持；持續 (過去式/過去分詞: kept [kɛpt])
To have or retain possession of. / To continue in a course or condition. (擁有或保留。/ 持續某個過程或狀態。)
You can keep the change. (零錢不用找了。)
Please keep quiet. (請保持安靜。)
own v. [on] 擁有 adj. 自己的
To possess something. / Belonging to oneself. (擁有某物。/ 屬於自己的。)
He owns a large house. (他擁有一棟大房子。)
This is my own room. (這是我自己的房間。)
lack v./n. [læk] 缺少；缺乏
To be without or deficient in. / The state of being without or not having enough. (沒有或缺乏。/ 沒有或不足的狀態。)
He lacks confidence. (他缺乏自信。)
There is a lack of information. (資訊缺乏。)
lose v. [luz] 失去；輸掉 (過去式/過去分詞: lost [lɔst])
To cease to have something; to be defeated. (不再擁有某物；被擊敗。)
Be careful not to lose your keys. (小心別弄丟你的鑰匙。)
Our team lost the game. (我們隊輸了比賽。)
取得 / 接收 (Getting / Receiving)
get v. [ɡɛt] 得到；變成；到達 (過去式: got [ɡɑt]; 過去分詞: got 或 gotten [ˋɡɑtn])
To receive, obtain, or become. / To arrive at. (接收、獲得或變成。/ 到達。)
What did you get for your birthday? (你生日得到什麼禮物？)
It's getting dark. (天色漸漸變暗了。)
What time did you get home? (你幾點到家？)
receive v. [rɪˋsiv] 收到；接待
To be given, presented with, or paid something. (被給予、贈送或支付某物。)
Did you receive my email? (你收到我的電子郵件了嗎？)
accept v. [əkˋsɛpt] 接受
To consent to receive something offered. (同意接受提供的東西。)
He accepted the gift happily. (他開心地接受了禮物。)
adopt v. [əˋdɑpt] 採納；收養
To legally take another's child and bring it up as one's own. / To choose to take up or follow (an idea, method, etc.). (合法地領養他人孩子並撫養。/ 選擇採納或遵循（想法、方法等）。)
They decided to adopt a child. (他們決定收養一個孩子。)
The company adopted a new marketing strategy. (公司採納了新的行銷策略。)
borrow v. [ˋbɑro] 借入
To take and use something belonging to someone else with the intention of returning it. (拿走並使用屬於他人的東西，並打算歸還。)
Can I borrow your pen? (我可以跟你借筆嗎？)
注意：與 lend (借出) 相反。
buy v. [baɪ] 購買 (過去式/過去分詞: bought [bɔt])
To obtain something in exchange for payment. (透過付款獲得某物。)
I need to buy some groceries. (我需要買些食品雜貨。)
catch v. [kætʃ] 抓住；趕上 (過去式/過去分詞: caught [kɔt])
To intercept and hold something which has been thrown, propelled, or dropped. / To get on a train, bus, etc. (攔截並握住被投擲、推進或掉落的東西。/ 趕上火車、公車等。)
He caught the ball easily. (他輕鬆地抓住了球。)
Let's hurry, or we'll miss the bus. We need to catch it! (快點，否則我們會錯過公車。我們得趕上它！)
collect v. [kəˋlɛkt] 收集；領取
To bring or gather together things of the same type. / To go and get something. (將同類型的東西帶到或聚集在一起。/ 去拿取某物。)
He collects stamps as a hobby. (他收集郵票作為嗜好。)
Please collect your luggage from the carousel. (請到行李轉盤領取您的行李。)
earn v. [ɝn] 賺得；贏得
To obtain money in return for labor or services. / To gain deservedly. (透過勞動或服務獲得金錢。/ 應得地獲得。)
How much do you earn per month? (你一個月賺多少錢？)
He earned everyone's respect. (他贏得了所有人的尊敬。)
find v. [faɪnd] 找到；發現 (過去式/過去分詞: found [faʊnd])
To discover someone or something, either unexpectedly or by searching. (無意中或透過搜尋發現某人或某物。)
I can't find my keys! (我找不到我的鑰匙了！)
gain v./n. [ɡen] 獲得；增加
To obtain or secure something desired or favorable. (獲得或確保想要或有利的事物。)
He hopes to gain more experience from this job. (他希望從這份工作中獲得更多經驗。)
hire v. [haɪr] 雇用；租用 (短期)
To employ someone for wages. / To pay to use something for a short period. (付工資雇用某人。/ 付費短期使用某物。)
The company plans to hire more staff. (公司計畫雇用更多員工。)
Let's hire a car for the weekend. (我們週末租輛車吧。)
pick v. [pɪk] 挑選；撿起 n. 選擇
To choose someone or something from a number of people or things. / To take hold of and lift something up. (從一些人或物中挑選。/ 抓住並拿起某物。)
Pick the one you like best. (挑一個你最喜歡的。)
He picked up the pen from the floor. (他從地上撿起筆。)
take v. [tek] 拿；帶；花費(時間) (過去式: took [tʊk]; 過去分詞: taken [ˋtekən])
To reach for and hold something. / To carry or bring someone or something. / To require (an amount of time). (伸手拿並握住某物。/ 攜帶或帶來某人或某物。/ 需要（時間）。)
Please take a seat. (請坐。)
Don't forget to take your umbrella. (別忘了帶傘。)
It takes 10 minutes to walk there. (走路去那裡要花 10 分鐘。)
win v. [wɪn] 贏得 (過去式/過去分詞: won [wʌn])
To be successful or victorious in a contest or conflict. (在競賽或衝突中成功或獲勝。)
Which team won the game? (哪一隊贏了比賽？)
給予 / 提供 (Giving / Providing)
give v. [ɡɪv] 給予 (過去式: gave [ɡev]; 過去分詞: given [ˋɡɪvən])
To freely transfer the possession of something to someone. (自由地將某物的擁有權轉移給某人。)
Can you give me that book? (你可以把那本書給我嗎？)
He gave her a present. (他送給她一份禮物。)
send v. [sɛnd] 寄送；發送 (過去式/過去分詞: sent [sɛnt])
To cause something to go or be taken to a particular destination. (使某物去或被帶到特定目的地。)
I will send you an email later. (我稍後會寄電子郵件給你。)
show v. [ʃo] 展示；顯示 (過去式: showed [ʃod]; 過去分詞: shown [ʃon] 或 showed)
To allow something to be seen. (讓某物被看見。)
Can you show me your new phone? (可以讓我看看你的新手機嗎？)
teach v. [titʃ] 教導 (過去式/過去分詞: taught [tɔt])
To impart knowledge to or instruct someone. (傳授知識給或指導某人。)
My father taught me how to ride a bike. (我爸爸教我如何騎腳踏車。)
lend v. [lɛnd] 借出 (過去式/過去分詞: lent [lɛnt])
To grant the use of something on the understanding that it will be returned. (准許使用某物，條件是將會歸還。)
Could you lend me some money? (你可以借我一些錢嗎？)
注意：與 borrow (借入) 相反。
offer v./n. [ˋɔfɚ] 提供；提議
To present something for someone to accept or reject. / An expression of readiness to do something. (提出某物供人接受或拒絕。/ 表示準備好做某事。)
They offered me a job. (他們提供給我一份工作。)
pass v. [pæs] 傳遞；通過 n. 通行證
To move past or go across; to hand something to someone. (經過或越過；把東西遞給某人。)
Please pass the salt. (請遞一下鹽。)
Did you pass the exam? (你通過考試了嗎？)
present v. [prɪˋzɛnt] 贈送；呈現 adj. [ˋprɛznt] 出席的；現在的 n. 禮物；現在
To give something to someone formally or ceremonially. / Being in a particular place. / A gift; the period of time now occurring. (正式或儀式性地給某人某物。/ 在特定地方。/ 禮物；現在發生的時間段。)
The mayor presented the award to the winner. (市長頒獎給獲勝者。)
Were you present at the meeting? (你出席會議了嗎？)
Thank you for the lovely present! (謝謝你這可愛的禮物！)
provide v. [prəˋvaɪd] 提供；供應
To make available for use; supply. (提供使用；供應。)
The hotel provides free breakfast. (這家飯店提供免費早餐。)
sell v. [sɛl] 販賣；出售 (過去式/過去分詞: sold [sold])
To give something in exchange for money. (給予某物以換取金錢。)
They sell fresh bread in this bakery. (這家麵包店販賣新鮮麵包。)
serve v. [sɝv] 服務；供應(餐點)
To perform duties or services for another person or organization. / To present food or drink to someone. (為他人或組織執行職責或服務。/ 向某人提供食物或飲料。)
Breakfast is served from 7 to 10 AM. (早餐供應時間為早上 7 點到 10 點。)
share v./n. [ʃɛr] 分享；分擔
To have or use something at the same time as someone else. / A part or portion of a larger amount. (與他人同時擁有或使用某物。/ 較大數量的一部分。)
Let's share the pizza. (我們來分享披薩吧。)
supply v./n. [səˋplaɪ] 供應；供給
To make something needed or wanted available to someone. / A stock or amount of something available. (向某人提供所需或想要的物品。/ 可用的庫存或數量。)
The school supplies textbooks to students. (學校供應教科書給學生。)
We have a limited supply of water. (我們的水供應有限。)
支付 / 虧欠 (Paying / Owing)
cost v./n. [kɔst] 花費；成本 (動詞三態常同形)
To require the payment of (a specified sum of money) before it can be acquired or done. / The amount of money needed to buy or do something. (在取得或做某事前需要支付（特定金額）。/ 購買或做某事所需的金額。)
How much does this shirt cost? (這件襯衫多少錢？)
The cost of living is high in this city. (這個城市的生活成本很高。)
owe v. [o] 虧欠；欠(錢、人情)
To have an obligation to pay or repay something. (有義務支付或償還某物。)
I owe you $100. (我欠你 100 美元。)
I owe you an apology. (我欠你一個道歉。)
pay v. [pe] 支付；付款 (過去式/過去分詞: paid [ped]) n. 薪水
To give someone money for work done or goods received. / Money paid for work. (為完成的工作或收到的貨物付錢給某人。/ 為工作支付的錢。)
I need to pay the electricity bill. (我需要付電費帳單。)
The pay for this job is not very high. (這份工作的薪水不太高。)
rent v./n. [rɛnt] 租用；租金
To pay someone for the use of something (typically property, land, or a car). / Money paid for rent. (為使用某物（通常是房產、土地或汽車）而向某人付款。/ 為租用支付的錢。)
They rent an apartment downtown. (他們在市中心租了一間公寓。)
The monthly rent is quite high. (月租金相當高。)
詞彙小叮嚀：
- `Have` 和 `Get` 是非常基礎且多義的動詞，有很多不同的用法。
- `Borrow` (借入) 和 `Lend` (借出) 是一組相對的動詞，不要搞混囉！
- `Take`, `Spend`, `Cost` 都與花費有關，但主詞和用法不同 (參考 take/spend/cost 用法)。
- 注意不規則動詞的過去式和過去分詞變化！