文法小教室 : 單元一 Be 動詞, 名詞, 問句 (基礎英文文法)

Unit 1: Hello World! 文法教學 - Be 動詞, 名詞, 問句 (基礎英文文法)

各位同學，大家好！歡迎來到我們的英文課！在 Unit 1，我們要一起學習一些最基礎、最重要的英文文法，幫助大家用英文介紹自己、認識新朋友、描述身邊的事物。準備好了嗎？Let's go!

一、Be 動詞：我是誰？我在哪？它是什麼？ (am, is, are)

Be 動詞就像英文中的「是」，它可以用來：

介紹自己或他人：
- I am Alex. (我是 Alex。)
- You are a student. (你是一位學生。)
- He is Tom. (他是 Tom。)
- She is Mary. (她是 Mary。)
- It is a cat. (它是一隻貓。)
- We are friends. (我們是朋友。)
- They are teachers. (他們是老師。)
描述人或事物：
- I am happy. (我很快樂。)
- You are tall. (你很高。)
- He is strong. (他很強壯。)
- She is beautiful. (她很漂亮。)
- It is big. (它很大。)
- We are tired. (我們很累。)
- They are hungry. (他們很餓。)
表示位置：
- I am at home. (我在家。)
- You are in the classroom. (你在教室裡。)
- He is at school. (他在學校。)
- The book is on the table. (書在桌上。)

重點！主詞動詞要一致 (Subject-Verb Agreement)

Be 動詞要跟著主詞「變身」！

單數主詞 (一個人、一個東西、一件事)：用 am (只有 I), is

I am...
He/She/It is...
The book is...
Mary is...
Water is...

複數主詞 (兩個人以上、兩個東西以上)：用 are

You are...
We are...
They are...
The books are...

練習 1：選出正確的 Be 動詞

I (am / is / are) a student. (答案：am)
You (am / is / are) my friend. (答案：are)
He (am / is / are) from the USA. (答案：is)
The cat (am / is / are) on the sofa. (答案：is)
We (am / is / are) in the library. (答案：are)

二、把 Be 動詞變成「不是」！(否定句)

只要在 Be 動詞後面加上 not，就可以把句子變成「不是」：

I am not a teacher. (我不是老師。)
You are not (aren't) late. (你沒有遲到。)
He is not (isn't) my brother. (他不是我兄弟。)
She is not (isn't) from Korea. (她不是韓國人。)
It is not (isn't) a dog. (它不是狗。)
We are not (aren't) tired. (我們不累。)
They are not (aren't) in the park. (他們不在公園裡。)

練習 2：將下列句子改成否定句

I am happy. → I am not happy.
You are a teacher. → You are not (aren't) a teacher.
She is from Japan. → She is not (isn't) from Japan.

三、用 Be 動詞問問題！(疑問句)

把 Be 動詞放到主詞前面，就可以問問題囉：

Am I late? (我遲到了嗎？)
Are you a student? (你是學生嗎？)
Is he your friend? (他是你朋友嗎？)
Is she from China? (她是中國人嗎？)
Is it a book? (這是一本書嗎？)
Are we ready? (我們準備好了嗎？)
Are they in the library? (他們在圖書館嗎？)

簡短回答：

Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.
Yes, you are. / No, you aren't.
Yes, he is. / No, he isn't.
... (以此類推)

練習 3：將下列句子改成疑問句，並寫出簡答

He is a doctor. → Is he a doctor? (Yes, he is.)
They are in the park. → Are they in the park? (No, they aren't.)

四、你、我、他、她、它... (人稱代名詞)

主格:

單數	複數
I (我)	we (我們)
you (你)	you (你們)
he (他)	they (他們)
she (她)
it (它)

五、一個？兩個？(名詞單複數)

一個 (單數)： book, cat, desk
兩個以上 (複數)：
- 大部分名詞加 -s：books, cats, desks
- 少數名詞不規則變化：child → children, man → men, woman → women (先學這幾個就好)

練習 4：選出正確的名詞形式

I have one (book / books). (答案：book)
She has two (cat / cats). (答案：cats)
There are three (child / children) in the park. (答案：children)

六、a 還是 an？

a: 用在「子音」開頭的單字前 (a book, a pen, a desk)
an: 用在「母音」(a, e, i, o, u) 開頭的單字前 (an apple, an eraser, an orange)

練習 5：填入 a 或 an

____ elephant (答案：an)
____ car (答案：a)
____ hour (答案：an)
____ university (答案：a)
____ umbrella (答案：an)

七、這是什麼？他是誰？(疑問詞 What, Who)

What: 用來問「東西」
- What's this? (這是什麼？) It's a book.
- What's your name? (你叫什麼名字？) My name is Alex.
Who: 用來問「人」
- Who is he? (他是誰？) He is my teacher.
- Who is she? (她是誰？) She is my sister.

練習 6：選擇正確的疑問詞

(What / Who) is that? It's a dog. (答案：What)
(What / Who) is your teacher? Her name is Ms. Lee. (答案：Who)

八、This/That/These/Those

This is a book.
That is a book.
These are books.
Those are books.

練習 7: 填入正確答案

____ is my pen. (near) (答案：This)
____ are my books. (far) (答案：Those)

老師的小叮嚀：

Be 動詞是英文中最基本的動詞，一定要學好喔！
主詞動詞一致性很重要，要記得單數主詞配單數動詞，複數主詞配複數動詞。
多練習、多開口說，英文就會越來越進步！